The Debate Over Race And Intelligence - 1572 Words

The debate over race and intelligence had been fueled in 1994 when Charles A. Murray and Richard Hernstein published a book called, The Bell Curve. The Bell Curve was an analysis on the curve between race and intelligence. Due to the book being published, scientists began working on multiple tests to try to understand the correlation that was indicated in this book. This is such an emotional topic to argue about because society could stereotype themselves based on a definitive answer about race and intelligence. A white child could earn a 90 on a test, above the score that of a black child has earned, but then an Asian child could outdo both of them. That is where the correlation can present itself. Due to that example, race and†¦show more content†¦His findings have concluded that environmental factors explains 58 percent of IQ variations around the world. If IQ tests were able to compare different backgrounds of different races, it would be more apparent. An American clini cal psychologist Terrie Moffitt, said that negative environments (low social status or ineffective parenting) could affect a child s intelligence even more (Parker/Morton 1). There is a way to make a child smarter and that starts from an upbringing environment that is positive (Hurley). While bringing in the genetics of an individual based on their skin color, there are also different environmental factors that can contribute to the correlation between race and intelligence. The American Psychological Association studies have shown that environmental factors can contribute to an individual’s intelligence factor. Different revolution factors, natural selection factors, and environmental differences have an impact (Saletan 4). For example, a black kid living in a run down neighborhood may do worse than a white kid living in a rich neighborhood. Due to this, most children feed off of their peers, either at school or even at home. People in disadvantaged groups generally score lo wer on IQ tests than those who are not disadvantaged (Jackson 1). Different races have different advantages due to

Taking a Look at Terrorism - 1004 Words

Nobody could ever imagine how frightful of the terrorism until it really happened. The major event that happened on September 11th, 2001 was the unexpected attack from the terrorists towards Americans. Not only Americans, but also the whole world was deep into fear. It’s not just the number of people died in the attack; it totally changed people view toward terrorisms from that point. The question is how and what should we do to dissuade this kind of attack for happening again in the future whether near or farther? In order to get the solution for this problem, we should examine terrorism from three different perspectives with the international environment, the state, and the individual in The War on Terror written by Patrick Coaty. International system is characterized by anarchy, the state without governmental enforcement. The absence of central government unintentionally gives the chance to the states to use violence any way each state prefers. 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Leonardo da Vinci in our life Analysis Essay Example For Students

Leonardo da Vinci in our life Analysis Essay Leonardo dad Vines contribution to the era of Renaissance The Renaissance era created an immense amount of talented scientists, artists, inventors, and philosophers who contributed great deal to the development of human race. In history it is hard to find a similar genius individual as the creator of High Renaissance art Leonardo dad Vinci. Even aftereffects of research on his creations, we are still captivated by the brilliance of his works. Leonardo dad Vinci was an artist, a sculptor, an architect, a philosopher, a historian, a mathematician, a physicist, a mechanic, and an astronomer. Consider Leonardo a genius of the High Renaissance. He was undeniably way ahead of his time, and is undoubtedly one of desegregates geniuses that ever lived. He played an enormous role in the development of art and science of the High Renaissance in Italy. His creations Last Supper (495-97) and Mona Lisa (1503-06) are among the most widely popular art works of the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa painting is a good example of his work which contributed to the development of art in the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a wife of a Florentine noble. She refused to smile; Leonardo even tried ring musicians but that didnt change her mind. At last, Just for a second she smiled faintly and Leonardo was able to capture it. In his drawing Leonardo masters the techniques of Suffuse and Chiaroscuro. Suffuse involves the most gradual transition from one color to another, giving it a very delicate and expressive image. As mentioned in the studies, Chiaroscuro highlights the contrast of light and shadow. In the Mona Lisa, this is most evident in the contrast between the face and the dark background. I consider the Mona Lisa his most beautiful creation. Leonardo dad Vinci highly influenced the development of science of the High Renaissance in Italy. He is considered one of the prominent contributors to the scientific discoveries of the era. Dad Vinci extended his studies into science and other subjects. For example, he drew complex models of flying machines, as he was fascinated by flight. He also attempted to build flying objects himself and designed an immense amount of mechanical devices. Based on his studies of birds, he drew a human powered ornithology, which is a wing flapping machinate would fly, mimicking the movement of a bird in flight. As a result, some of the machines that he drew on paper such as helicopters would become reality many centuries later. He also had knowledge in the studies of anatomy and was one of the first to understand the circulation of blood in the human body. There seemed to be no limit to his interests and work. Leonardo dad Vinci is one the most prominent individualists lived in the Renaissance era and contributed a vast amount of scientific discoveries and beautiful works of art which are genius and timeless. Leonardo looked far ahead of his time and influenced our generation and development of the modern world today. Leonardo dad Vinci in our life By Andrews

The Roman Family Center Of Roman Society free essay sample

The Roman Family: Center Of Roman Society Essay, Research Paper The Roman household after the coming of Christianity has been widely discussed in Roman History. Different historiographers have looked at the subject in different ways. There are two articles at manus, which deal with this really subject. Brent Shaw, The household in Late Antiquity: The Experience of Augustine and Douglas O? Roark, Parenthood in Late Antiquity. Both historiographers are looking at the household in late antiquity, after the clip that Christianity was introduced to the Roman society. Through an analysis of the two essays and mentions to the classical period it can be seen that: The Roman household has ever been an of import establishment in their society, it? s composing, functions and the maps changed little after the coming of Christianity. The EssaysEach of the historiographers has a solid cardinal statement, and their essays are laid out good. Shaw seeks to demo the construction and the maps of the Roman household in late antiquity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Roman Family Center Of Roman Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He besides seeks to unclutter up misconceptions of the Roman household. O? Roark? s statement seeks to demo the intimacy of the parents and kids in the Roman household. The of import thing to recognize is that both of these essays are looking at the Roman household in the same period, late antiquity, after the coming of Christianity. Besides of import to observe is both of these essays to non specifically speak about the impact of Christianity on the household. The essays can be used to cite against each other and against the Roman household in the Classical period. Information on the Classical period is given in G. Nathan? s article: Two Traditions. With the three essays one can come to a good decision about the impact of Christianity on the Roman household. In involvement of paper length the essays have been narrowed down to include lone cardinal subjects. First looking at similarities, so differences. ChildrenThis is the first chief facet of the household that both historiographers look at. The first point Shaw brings up is that chief intent of childbearing. This was for the married woman to bring forth a inheritor for the hubby. The male parent organized the whole house around this, in readying a boy to take everything over when he died. O? Roark states that a major factor in holding kids was to love and to care for them. He nevertheless can non deny that before this the realisation is that the male parent must hold kids to go through everything on to. In this thought O? Roark says that the kid? s function is to unrecorded life in readying for this transportation from the male parent. Initially this was the chief intent of kids, particularly boies, in the classical period as good. The following thought about kids concerns the benefits of holding them. First, kids can supply is economic support to the household. Shaw recognizes that conditions intended or non, kids were frequently needed to lend to the household income. O? Roark in a similar manner says there is a? common desire for many kids? . After a general read of the article I have concluded that one of the grounds he says this is the fact kids could be an economic resource to the household. O? Roark provides more item, stating that to few kids can ache the economic system of the household, while to many can run out it. Clearly he recognizes kids? s economic advantage. This economic part of kids was besides really valued in the Classical period. Shaw points out the other valuable function of the kid was to care for the parents in old age. This is the thought that kids would be the 1s who helped aging parents, and finally buried them. O? roark points out that for parents in old age who had nil to fall back on. Children were their protagonists in old age. In the classical period kids were to back up the parents in old age and trade with their entombment. Through these illustrations the reader can see that kids ever had some of import function in the Roman household. Parent-Child RelationsThis is the other chief country the two essays examine in common. This is a similar subject to kids, but it is important plenty to be separated. The majority of significance is put on the father-son dealingss. The Shaw article chiefly focuses on this. Shaw subscribes to the thought of? patria potestas? ; this is the thought that the oldest life male, in most instance? s the male parent, was maestro of all in the household. This included the married woman, kids, and other under the roof. Right from the start the relationship between male parent and boy is one of unequal balance. The male parent was dominant, and if you were the boy you were to obey your male parent. Everything that the boy did and everything that he owned was capable to his male parent? s laterality. The boy had a love # 8211 ; fright relationship with male parent. In bend what the boy got out of this relationship was the fact his male parent was the 1 that took attention of him, and in decease he would acquire all that was his male parent? s. The male parent was to maintain the boy in line so that he will be responsible in taking over the estate. In respects to train Shaw says that male parents must? subject and cultivate their boies? . The male parent was the instructor, and the boy was the scholar. With this information it can be seen both got something out of the relationship. The male parent got the benefits of his boy every bit good as a inheritor, and the boy got to claim all that was his male parent? s when he died. Shaw alludes to the fact that the male parent boy relationship could arouse tenseness as good. The boy may non desire to wait to his male parent? s decease to acquire full liberty. This could take to tenseness in which the boy wants to be off from the male parent or may resent him for his power. Following O? Roark puts forth some of the same thoughts. O? Roark tends to brood more on the emotional fond regard to kids, but still shows similarities to Shaws findings. O? Roark says that in the clip of antiquity the kid was still under their male parent as maestro of the household. O? Roark says it is the male parent? s occupation to learn the boy and to do him proper. What the male parent is non able to make, he is to acquire coachs to assist with. . I have concluded this is to acquire the boy ready for duty when he is caput of the household. This is similar to what Shaw implies. Shaw besides talks about possible tenseness that may be in the relationship. There is the impression that the male parent had to be careful non to set to much force per unit area on the boy, else the boy may flog out and strike the male parent. Once once more both historiographers thoughts are similar to those of the Classical period. In the Classical period the boy was under the function of his male pa rent as the maestro. The boy? s place had ever been submissive to the male parent. Equally good in the Classical period boy? s got all that was the male parents at clip of decease. Something worthy to observe is that O? Roark goes into some talk of the mother-daughter relationship, whereas Shaw does non. O? Roark says that the function of the Mother was similar to that of the male parent, but pertained largely disciplinarian function. It was the female parent that was to learn the girl all that she had to cognize. As male parent? s taught boies to one twenty-four hours take over all he had, the female parent girl? s to be a proper married woman and the responsibilities that went with her function. In the classical period the function of the female parent was similar. In the classical period the married woman was the 2nd in bid. The female parent was to learn the girl what she needed to last in society, particularly the facets of being a good married woman Roman Family StructureThis is the first major point of contrast between the two essays. One of the cardinal points in the Shaw essay is the layout and construction of the Roman household. Shaw first references that, as stated before, the male parent was the caput of the family and all of its members were under him. Shaw references slaves as portion of the construction of the household, and capable to the male parent? s regulation. Slaves were besides a important portion of the household construction in the classical period. Shaw says the construction of the household could be non merely of the atomic household, but besides included grandparents, slaves, in-laws, lodgers, or any other people that may shack under the same roof. Shaw states that the construction of the family could incorporate non merely a married woman, but a? courtesan? every bit good. With these illustrations Shaw seeks to turn out that the construction of the household was non merely how we see the typical household today. Alternatively he says that the atomic household was the nucleus of the construction but the household could ramify out much like a tree to include many other members, such as references supra. Equally good in the classical period the household consisted of the atomic household every bit good as extended household. The O? Roark essay is different. The difference is really simple. O? Roark does non straight look at the household construction. The lone household O? Roark references is the atomic household. His essay is one that looks at the relationships between the parents and the kids ; hence there is no talk of any drawn-out household construction. The two essays contrast on the subject non because they disagree, but instead one references household construction, as one of its chief points and the other does non. Husband? Wife RelationsThe other major contrast between the two essays is talk of the husband-wife relationship in the Christian period. Once once more it is the Shaw essay that negotiations about the topic, the O? Roark 1 that leaves it out. Shaw states the hubby had contro cubic decimeter over the married woman in much the same manner that he did over the kids. He was the 1 with the power and she was non. ? Wifes were non permitted so much as to distribute alms or to alter their apparels without the hubby? s permission? . Again, as with the boies, the married woman had a love-fear relationship to the hubby. Most all-domestic differences were kept within the four walls of the place? the married woman was the most likely looser at the manus of stronger hubby. Often when the hubby was disquieted or in a fury it was the married woman that was the looser, she was normally the first in his way. As good hubbies were non ever faithful the married womans. It was about seen as a customary pattern. The hubby was to hold a adult female outside of the matrimony. The same leisure was non extended to the married woman. The married woman was watched over by the hubby as if she were domestic belongings. This was to forestall her from holding relationships with other work forces. Maltreatment of the married woman could frequently be a common happening. Often the lone defence that the married woman had was to advance the thought of love and regard between the spouses. Shaw Concludes stating non all relationships were this manner, nevertheless this was the instance for a batch of married adult females. These thoughts are similar to 1s from classical times in which the married woman was under the hubby, and the hubby acted about as a instructor to the married woman. In classical times the married woman was to be pure and devoted to merely one adult male, as Shaw provinces. In the O? Roark essay one time once more this is a subject that is left out. In the talk of parent to child relationships it can be assumed that O? Roark left out husband-wife dealingss because they were non cardinal to his statement. Once once more it is non the instance that the two historiographers disagreed on the topic, but merely the fact that one included this information in their statement and the other did non. Evaluation of SourcesThis is a great state of affairs for an analysis. One subject, two different historiographers, two separate beginnings of information used by each. Shaw uses one chief beginning so frequently it is fundamentally his lone beginning. The Beginning he uses is a Roman church male parent from late antiquity, Augustine. Augustine switched over to Christianity. After he was baptized and converted he became the Bishop of Hippo until he died. Augustine wrote many of import theological Hagiographas in the late 4th and early 5th century on the church, Christianity, and God. There are a few strengths and failings to Augustine as a beginning, Shaw points to some of these. Get downing with the strengths, it can be concluded that Augustine held a privileged position within the Christian church. Augustine came from a good household and was a well-thought-of adult male. His histories are normally assumed to be accurate records. Just as today we value the Hagiographas and sentiments of the church caputs, it seems that given his position at the clip one could value his histories based on his place. Who better to go forth histories of Roman society so a church caput, who was educated and could enter many of the events in society. Augustine is besides a good beginning for the fact that most of the beginnings of the clip are biased to the upper category ideals and patterns. Augustine? s church based Hagiographas and sentiments might be somewhat different, and therefore valuable as a different sentiment. Last Augustine is valuable for the most obvious ground ; he w as a firsthand informant who was populating at the clip. As the Bishop of Hippo Augustine was able to hold first manus observation of many households and parishioners to establish his Hagiographas. Thankss to his place, as Bishop, Augustine had both the clip and resources to detect and compose. These chances may non hold been available to those in lower, less good off places in society. On the other manus there is some noticeable jobs with this beginning. The chief one being that prophesying and practising are two different things. Augustine has no lasting Hagiographas from the clip before his transition to Christianity. This being the instance we can non compare his Hagiographas to early 1s of his ain. If one had entree to his earlier Hagiographas they might demo a alteration in his thoughts based on his transition, therefore Christianity may bias his Hagiographas. Augustine wrote about the household and society in the manner that he thought is should be. This nevertheless does non needfully intend that this is an accurate word picture of how Roman society and household really was. In fact what Augustine wrote about was likely non indistinguishable to what common pattern. Another of import failing to Augustine is that his Hagiographas are biased in a male political orientation of Roman society. His ideas are based on male power, action and premises about society. L ast Augustine lived in a spiritual community in Hippo. His chief ascertained group was it? s spiritual community. Augustine? s Hagiographas are based on the sections of society that he could to detect, and so generalized to the larger society. One has to inquire if what applies for one group of society can be generalized to the remainder. In general Augustine was is a reasonably good beginning, nevertheless one must retrieve that his Hagiographas are to be taken with some of these considerations. O? Roark, besides chooses to utilize one chief beginning, which is fundamentally the lone beginning that he uses. The beginning O? Roark uses is a church male parent, John Chrysostom. Until he was the age of 50 he served in Antioch, where most of his sermon? s were against Judaism. In 398 he became a bishop in Constantinople and died in 407. Chrysostom wrote about the same clip that of Augustine, tardily three 100s and early four 100s. With the similarities in position and clip period we see that there are a batch of the same strengths and failings of the beginnings. As strength it is recognized that Chrysostom was a dependable orator. Chrysostom was an educated adult male that had much experience with faith. With a more leisured life of a Bishop, and a good instruction Chrysostom was likely good learned and reasonably accurate. His place as Bishop likely allowed him to detect the country that he practiced in. Besides Chrysostom was besides a firsthand informant of what he wrote approximately. There are besides some evident failings to Chrysostom. First most of his audience was affluent upper category. This may non be able to be applied to society as a whole. This is similar to Augustine. It was non like either of these work forces could acquire up and go around all of Rome to see society, alternatively they had to trust on those close to detect. Again, work forces were seen to busy a more privileged place is society. Chrysostom? s positions, like those of Augustine? s, were likely biased by the dominated male positions and political orientations about how society was seen. The analysis of Chrysostom is shorter so that of Augustine for the fact that as I mentioned they have many of the same strengths and failings. Chrysostom is a reasonably dependable beginning, but we must retrieve to take some of his failings into history. Both beginnings have their portion of strengths and failings. The Better EssayI do non believe that either one of these essays was better so the other. The essays do non seek to turn out the same statements. The quality of the essays can non be compared against each other, but instead in their ain rights. Shaw does a good occupation of puting out the construction and many of the maps of the Roman household. Shaw sought out to do certain points, he was successful. Shaw leaves the reader with a clear image of the Roman household in late antiquity. The O? Roark essay was every bit converting in his ain right. O? Roark sets out to turn out there were close relationships between parents and kids in Roman society, and does a good occupation of this. O? Roark? s essay is particularly good done because he non merely looks at father-son dealingss, but besides at mother-daughter dealingss. This is really of import. Many of the beginnings staying are written chiefly about work forces. It is great that we are able to take at a brief expression into one of the functions of the adult female in the Roman household. The bottom line is that Shaw writes about the construction and the maps of the Roman household. From the grounds in this essay one can see he supports his intent good. Both writers looked at facets of the household after the coming of Christianity. Both historiographers seek to turn out something about the Roman household in late antiquity. In making this they give us a mention of the household after the coming of Christianity, this in bend can be compared to the Roman household in the classical period. After comparing of the two essays against each other, and against the household in the classical period it seems obvious: The Roman household has ever been an of import establishment in their society, it? s composing, functions and the maps changed little after the coming of Christianity. BibliographyFreeman, Charles. Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford, Great Britain. : Oxford University Press, 1999. Nathan, G. ? Two Traditions. ? Readings in the Roman Family. ( Winter 2002 ) : 15-54, 196-206. O? Roark, Douglas. ? Parenthood in Late Antiquity: The Evidence of Chrysostom. ? Readings in the Roman Family. ( Winter 2002 ) : 53-81. Shaw, Brent. ? The Family in Late Antiquity: The Experience of Augustine. ? Readings in the Roman Family, ( Winter 2002 ) : 3-51.