The Debate Over Race And Intelligence - 1572 Words

The debate over race and intelligence had been fueled in 1994 when Charles A. Murray and Richard Hernstein published a book called, The Bell Curve. The Bell Curve was an analysis on the curve between race and intelligence. Due to the book being published, scientists began working on multiple tests to try to understand the correlation that was indicated in this book. This is such an emotional topic to argue about because society could stereotype themselves based on a definitive answer about race and intelligence. A white child could earn a 90 on a test, above the score that of a black child has earned, but then an Asian child could outdo both of them. That is where the correlation can present itself. Due to that example, race and†¦show more content†¦His findings have concluded that environmental factors explains 58 percent of IQ variations around the world. If IQ tests were able to compare different backgrounds of different races, it would be more apparent. An American clini cal psychologist Terrie Moffitt, said that negative environments (low social status or ineffective parenting) could affect a child s intelligence even more (Parker/Morton 1). There is a way to make a child smarter and that starts from an upbringing environment that is positive (Hurley). While bringing in the genetics of an individual based on their skin color, there are also different environmental factors that can contribute to the correlation between race and intelligence. The American Psychological Association studies have shown that environmental factors can contribute to an individual’s intelligence factor. Different revolution factors, natural selection factors, and environmental differences have an impact (Saletan 4). For example, a black kid living in a run down neighborhood may do worse than a white kid living in a rich neighborhood. Due to this, most children feed off of their peers, either at school or even at home. People in disadvantaged groups generally score lo wer on IQ tests than those who are not disadvantaged (Jackson 1). Different races have different advantages due to

Taking a Look at Terrorism - 1004 Words

Nobody could ever imagine how frightful of the terrorism until it really happened. The major event that happened on September 11th, 2001 was the unexpected attack from the terrorists towards Americans. Not only Americans, but also the whole world was deep into fear. It’s not just the number of people died in the attack; it totally changed people view toward terrorisms from that point. The question is how and what should we do to dissuade this kind of attack for happening again in the future whether near or farther? In order to get the solution for this problem, we should examine terrorism from three different perspectives with the international environment, the state, and the individual in The War on Terror written by Patrick Coaty. International system is characterized by anarchy, the state without governmental enforcement. The absence of central government unintentionally gives the chance to the states to use violence any way each state prefers. It was assessed as consistency for Soviet society. The terrorism is a concept which was long-standing developed. At that period of time, people usually used violence as a tool to against the government to satisfy their demand that might rose from the conflict between religious or political parties for example. By killing innocent people, serial murder leaders or bombing the status places of a country to create a fear among the citizens within that country and most of the time also spreading the great fear to other near-byShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Terrorism587 Words   |  2 Pagestheir interactions and response to societies, and what determinants best characterize terrorism. This study seeks to analyze several questions. One, how can the behavior of terrorists , more specifically their inclinations to incite violence as a means for individual and group level motivations be explained. 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Leonardo da Vinci in our life Analysis Essay Example For Students

Leonardo da Vinci in our life Analysis Essay Leonardo dad Vines contribution to the era of Renaissance The Renaissance era created an immense amount of talented scientists, artists, inventors, and philosophers who contributed great deal to the development of human race. In history it is hard to find a similar genius individual as the creator of High Renaissance art Leonardo dad Vinci. Even aftereffects of research on his creations, we are still captivated by the brilliance of his works. Leonardo dad Vinci was an artist, a sculptor, an architect, a philosopher, a historian, a mathematician, a physicist, a mechanic, and an astronomer. Consider Leonardo a genius of the High Renaissance. He was undeniably way ahead of his time, and is undoubtedly one of desegregates geniuses that ever lived. He played an enormous role in the development of art and science of the High Renaissance in Italy. His creations Last Supper (495-97) and Mona Lisa (1503-06) are among the most widely popular art works of the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa painting is a good example of his work which contributed to the development of art in the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a wife of a Florentine noble. She refused to smile; Leonardo even tried ring musicians but that didnt change her mind. At last, Just for a second she smiled faintly and Leonardo was able to capture it. In his drawing Leonardo masters the techniques of Suffuse and Chiaroscuro. Suffuse involves the most gradual transition from one color to another, giving it a very delicate and expressive image. As mentioned in the studies, Chiaroscuro highlights the contrast of light and shadow. In the Mona Lisa, this is most evident in the contrast between the face and the dark background. I consider the Mona Lisa his most beautiful creation. Leonardo dad Vinci highly influenced the development of science of the High Renaissance in Italy. He is considered one of the prominent contributors to the scientific discoveries of the era. Dad Vinci extended his studies into science and other subjects. For example, he drew complex models of flying machines, as he was fascinated by flight. He also attempted to build flying objects himself and designed an immense amount of mechanical devices. Based on his studies of birds, he drew a human powered ornithology, which is a wing flapping machinate would fly, mimicking the movement of a bird in flight. As a result, some of the machines that he drew on paper such as helicopters would become reality many centuries later. He also had knowledge in the studies of anatomy and was one of the first to understand the circulation of blood in the human body. There seemed to be no limit to his interests and work. Leonardo dad Vinci is one the most prominent individualists lived in the Renaissance era and contributed a vast amount of scientific discoveries and beautiful works of art which are genius and timeless. Leonardo looked far ahead of his time and influenced our generation and development of the modern world today. Leonardo dad Vinci in our life By Andrews

The Roman Family Center Of Roman Society free essay sample

The Roman Family: Center Of Roman Society Essay, Research Paper The Roman household after the coming of Christianity has been widely discussed in Roman History. Different historiographers have looked at the subject in different ways. There are two articles at manus, which deal with this really subject. Brent Shaw, The household in Late Antiquity: The Experience of Augustine and Douglas O? Roark, Parenthood in Late Antiquity. Both historiographers are looking at the household in late antiquity, after the clip that Christianity was introduced to the Roman society. Through an analysis of the two essays and mentions to the classical period it can be seen that: The Roman household has ever been an of import establishment in their society, it? s composing, functions and the maps changed little after the coming of Christianity. The EssaysEach of the historiographers has a solid cardinal statement, and their essays are laid out good. Shaw seeks to demo the construction and the maps of the Roman household in late antiquity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Roman Family Center Of Roman Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He besides seeks to unclutter up misconceptions of the Roman household. O? Roark? s statement seeks to demo the intimacy of the parents and kids in the Roman household. The of import thing to recognize is that both of these essays are looking at the Roman household in the same period, late antiquity, after the coming of Christianity. Besides of import to observe is both of these essays to non specifically speak about the impact of Christianity on the household. The essays can be used to cite against each other and against the Roman household in the Classical period. Information on the Classical period is given in G. Nathan? s article: Two Traditions. With the three essays one can come to a good decision about the impact of Christianity on the Roman household. In involvement of paper length the essays have been narrowed down to include lone cardinal subjects. First looking at similarities, so differences. ChildrenThis is the first chief facet of the household that both historiographers look at. The first point Shaw brings up is that chief intent of childbearing. This was for the married woman to bring forth a inheritor for the hubby. The male parent organized the whole house around this, in readying a boy to take everything over when he died. O? Roark states that a major factor in holding kids was to love and to care for them. He nevertheless can non deny that before this the realisation is that the male parent must hold kids to go through everything on to. In this thought O? Roark says that the kid? s function is to unrecorded life in readying for this transportation from the male parent. Initially this was the chief intent of kids, particularly boies, in the classical period as good. The following thought about kids concerns the benefits of holding them. First, kids can supply is economic support to the household. Shaw recognizes that conditions intended or non, kids were frequently needed to lend to the household income. O? Roark in a similar manner says there is a? common desire for many kids? . After a general read of the article I have concluded that one of the grounds he says this is the fact kids could be an economic resource to the household. O? Roark provides more item, stating that to few kids can ache the economic system of the household, while to many can run out it. Clearly he recognizes kids? s economic advantage. This economic part of kids was besides really valued in the Classical period. Shaw points out the other valuable function of the kid was to care for the parents in old age. This is the thought that kids would be the 1s who helped aging parents, and finally buried them. O? roark points out that for parents in old age who had nil to fall back on. Children were their protagonists in old age. In the classical period kids were to back up the parents in old age and trade with their entombment. Through these illustrations the reader can see that kids ever had some of import function in the Roman household. Parent-Child RelationsThis is the other chief country the two essays examine in common. This is a similar subject to kids, but it is important plenty to be separated. The majority of significance is put on the father-son dealingss. The Shaw article chiefly focuses on this. Shaw subscribes to the thought of? patria potestas? ; this is the thought that the oldest life male, in most instance? s the male parent, was maestro of all in the household. This included the married woman, kids, and other under the roof. Right from the start the relationship between male parent and boy is one of unequal balance. The male parent was dominant, and if you were the boy you were to obey your male parent. Everything that the boy did and everything that he owned was capable to his male parent? s laterality. The boy had a love # 8211 ; fright relationship with male parent. In bend what the boy got out of this relationship was the fact his male parent was the 1 that took attention of him, and in decease he would acquire all that was his male parent? s. The male parent was to maintain the boy in line so that he will be responsible in taking over the estate. In respects to train Shaw says that male parents must? subject and cultivate their boies? . The male parent was the instructor, and the boy was the scholar. With this information it can be seen both got something out of the relationship. The male parent got the benefits of his boy every bit good as a inheritor, and the boy got to claim all that was his male parent? s when he died. Shaw alludes to the fact that the male parent boy relationship could arouse tenseness as good. The boy may non desire to wait to his male parent? s decease to acquire full liberty. This could take to tenseness in which the boy wants to be off from the male parent or may resent him for his power. Following O? Roark puts forth some of the same thoughts. O? Roark tends to brood more on the emotional fond regard to kids, but still shows similarities to Shaws findings. O? Roark says that in the clip of antiquity the kid was still under their male parent as maestro of the household. O? Roark says it is the male parent? s occupation to learn the boy and to do him proper. What the male parent is non able to make, he is to acquire coachs to assist with. . I have concluded this is to acquire the boy ready for duty when he is caput of the household. This is similar to what Shaw implies. Shaw besides talks about possible tenseness that may be in the relationship. There is the impression that the male parent had to be careful non to set to much force per unit area on the boy, else the boy may flog out and strike the male parent. Once once more both historiographers thoughts are similar to those of the Classical period. In the Classical period the boy was under the function of his male pa rent as the maestro. The boy? s place had ever been submissive to the male parent. Equally good in the Classical period boy? s got all that was the male parents at clip of decease. Something worthy to observe is that O? Roark goes into some talk of the mother-daughter relationship, whereas Shaw does non. O? Roark says that the function of the Mother was similar to that of the male parent, but pertained largely disciplinarian function. It was the female parent that was to learn the girl all that she had to cognize. As male parent? s taught boies to one twenty-four hours take over all he had, the female parent girl? s to be a proper married woman and the responsibilities that went with her function. In the classical period the function of the female parent was similar. In the classical period the married woman was the 2nd in bid. The female parent was to learn the girl what she needed to last in society, particularly the facets of being a good married woman Roman Family StructureThis is the first major point of contrast between the two essays. One of the cardinal points in the Shaw essay is the layout and construction of the Roman household. Shaw first references that, as stated before, the male parent was the caput of the family and all of its members were under him. Shaw references slaves as portion of the construction of the household, and capable to the male parent? s regulation. Slaves were besides a important portion of the household construction in the classical period. Shaw says the construction of the household could be non merely of the atomic household, but besides included grandparents, slaves, in-laws, lodgers, or any other people that may shack under the same roof. Shaw states that the construction of the family could incorporate non merely a married woman, but a? courtesan? every bit good. With these illustrations Shaw seeks to turn out that the construction of the household was non merely how we see the typical household today. Alternatively he says that the atomic household was the nucleus of the construction but the household could ramify out much like a tree to include many other members, such as references supra. Equally good in the classical period the household consisted of the atomic household every bit good as extended household. The O? Roark essay is different. The difference is really simple. O? Roark does non straight look at the household construction. The lone household O? Roark references is the atomic household. His essay is one that looks at the relationships between the parents and the kids ; hence there is no talk of any drawn-out household construction. The two essays contrast on the subject non because they disagree, but instead one references household construction, as one of its chief points and the other does non. Husband? Wife RelationsThe other major contrast between the two essays is talk of the husband-wife relationship in the Christian period. Once once more it is the Shaw essay that negotiations about the topic, the O? Roark 1 that leaves it out. Shaw states the hubby had contro cubic decimeter over the married woman in much the same manner that he did over the kids. He was the 1 with the power and she was non. ? Wifes were non permitted so much as to distribute alms or to alter their apparels without the hubby? s permission? . Again, as with the boies, the married woman had a love-fear relationship to the hubby. Most all-domestic differences were kept within the four walls of the place? the married woman was the most likely looser at the manus of stronger hubby. Often when the hubby was disquieted or in a fury it was the married woman that was the looser, she was normally the first in his way. As good hubbies were non ever faithful the married womans. It was about seen as a customary pattern. The hubby was to hold a adult female outside of the matrimony. The same leisure was non extended to the married woman. The married woman was watched over by the hubby as if she were domestic belongings. This was to forestall her from holding relationships with other work forces. Maltreatment of the married woman could frequently be a common happening. Often the lone defence that the married woman had was to advance the thought of love and regard between the spouses. Shaw Concludes stating non all relationships were this manner, nevertheless this was the instance for a batch of married adult females. These thoughts are similar to 1s from classical times in which the married woman was under the hubby, and the hubby acted about as a instructor to the married woman. In classical times the married woman was to be pure and devoted to merely one adult male, as Shaw provinces. In the O? Roark essay one time once more this is a subject that is left out. In the talk of parent to child relationships it can be assumed that O? Roark left out husband-wife dealingss because they were non cardinal to his statement. Once once more it is non the instance that the two historiographers disagreed on the topic, but merely the fact that one included this information in their statement and the other did non. Evaluation of SourcesThis is a great state of affairs for an analysis. One subject, two different historiographers, two separate beginnings of information used by each. Shaw uses one chief beginning so frequently it is fundamentally his lone beginning. The Beginning he uses is a Roman church male parent from late antiquity, Augustine. Augustine switched over to Christianity. After he was baptized and converted he became the Bishop of Hippo until he died. Augustine wrote many of import theological Hagiographas in the late 4th and early 5th century on the church, Christianity, and God. There are a few strengths and failings to Augustine as a beginning, Shaw points to some of these. Get downing with the strengths, it can be concluded that Augustine held a privileged position within the Christian church. Augustine came from a good household and was a well-thought-of adult male. His histories are normally assumed to be accurate records. Just as today we value the Hagiographas and sentiments of the church caputs, it seems that given his position at the clip one could value his histories based on his place. Who better to go forth histories of Roman society so a church caput, who was educated and could enter many of the events in society. Augustine is besides a good beginning for the fact that most of the beginnings of the clip are biased to the upper category ideals and patterns. Augustine? s church based Hagiographas and sentiments might be somewhat different, and therefore valuable as a different sentiment. Last Augustine is valuable for the most obvious ground ; he w as a firsthand informant who was populating at the clip. As the Bishop of Hippo Augustine was able to hold first manus observation of many households and parishioners to establish his Hagiographas. Thankss to his place, as Bishop, Augustine had both the clip and resources to detect and compose. These chances may non hold been available to those in lower, less good off places in society. On the other manus there is some noticeable jobs with this beginning. The chief one being that prophesying and practising are two different things. Augustine has no lasting Hagiographas from the clip before his transition to Christianity. This being the instance we can non compare his Hagiographas to early 1s of his ain. If one had entree to his earlier Hagiographas they might demo a alteration in his thoughts based on his transition, therefore Christianity may bias his Hagiographas. Augustine wrote about the household and society in the manner that he thought is should be. This nevertheless does non needfully intend that this is an accurate word picture of how Roman society and household really was. In fact what Augustine wrote about was likely non indistinguishable to what common pattern. Another of import failing to Augustine is that his Hagiographas are biased in a male political orientation of Roman society. His ideas are based on male power, action and premises about society. L ast Augustine lived in a spiritual community in Hippo. His chief ascertained group was it? s spiritual community. Augustine? s Hagiographas are based on the sections of society that he could to detect, and so generalized to the larger society. One has to inquire if what applies for one group of society can be generalized to the remainder. In general Augustine was is a reasonably good beginning, nevertheless one must retrieve that his Hagiographas are to be taken with some of these considerations. O? Roark, besides chooses to utilize one chief beginning, which is fundamentally the lone beginning that he uses. The beginning O? Roark uses is a church male parent, John Chrysostom. Until he was the age of 50 he served in Antioch, where most of his sermon? s were against Judaism. In 398 he became a bishop in Constantinople and died in 407. Chrysostom wrote about the same clip that of Augustine, tardily three 100s and early four 100s. With the similarities in position and clip period we see that there are a batch of the same strengths and failings of the beginnings. As strength it is recognized that Chrysostom was a dependable orator. Chrysostom was an educated adult male that had much experience with faith. With a more leisured life of a Bishop, and a good instruction Chrysostom was likely good learned and reasonably accurate. His place as Bishop likely allowed him to detect the country that he practiced in. Besides Chrysostom was besides a firsthand informant of what he wrote approximately. There are besides some evident failings to Chrysostom. First most of his audience was affluent upper category. This may non be able to be applied to society as a whole. This is similar to Augustine. It was non like either of these work forces could acquire up and go around all of Rome to see society, alternatively they had to trust on those close to detect. Again, work forces were seen to busy a more privileged place is society. Chrysostom? s positions, like those of Augustine? s, were likely biased by the dominated male positions and political orientations about how society was seen. The analysis of Chrysostom is shorter so that of Augustine for the fact that as I mentioned they have many of the same strengths and failings. Chrysostom is a reasonably dependable beginning, but we must retrieve to take some of his failings into history. Both beginnings have their portion of strengths and failings. The Better EssayI do non believe that either one of these essays was better so the other. The essays do non seek to turn out the same statements. The quality of the essays can non be compared against each other, but instead in their ain rights. Shaw does a good occupation of puting out the construction and many of the maps of the Roman household. Shaw sought out to do certain points, he was successful. Shaw leaves the reader with a clear image of the Roman household in late antiquity. The O? Roark essay was every bit converting in his ain right. O? Roark sets out to turn out there were close relationships between parents and kids in Roman society, and does a good occupation of this. O? Roark? s essay is particularly good done because he non merely looks at father-son dealingss, but besides at mother-daughter dealingss. This is really of import. Many of the beginnings staying are written chiefly about work forces. It is great that we are able to take at a brief expression into one of the functions of the adult female in the Roman household. The bottom line is that Shaw writes about the construction and the maps of the Roman household. From the grounds in this essay one can see he supports his intent good. Both writers looked at facets of the household after the coming of Christianity. Both historiographers seek to turn out something about the Roman household in late antiquity. In making this they give us a mention of the household after the coming of Christianity, this in bend can be compared to the Roman household in the classical period. After comparing of the two essays against each other, and against the household in the classical period it seems obvious: The Roman household has ever been an of import establishment in their society, it? s composing, functions and the maps changed little after the coming of Christianity. BibliographyFreeman, Charles. Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford, Great Britain. : Oxford University Press, 1999. Nathan, G. ? Two Traditions. ? Readings in the Roman Family. ( Winter 2002 ) : 15-54, 196-206. O? Roark, Douglas. ? Parenthood in Late Antiquity: The Evidence of Chrysostom. ? Readings in the Roman Family. ( Winter 2002 ) : 53-81. Shaw, Brent. ? The Family in Late Antiquity: The Experience of Augustine. ? Readings in the Roman Family, ( Winter 2002 ) : 3-51.

Telecommunications Advances Essay Example For Students

Telecommunications Advances Essay Today, telecommunications technology affects lives to a greater degree than everbefore. Communication has evolved over many years from the earliest attempts atverbal communication to the use of sophisticated technology to enhance theability to communicate effectively with others. Every time a telephone call ismade, a television is watched, or a personal computer is used, benefits oftelecommunication technologies are being received. The concept oftelecommunications may be defined as the transmission of information from onelocation to another by electronic means. Telecommunications is using electronicsystems to communicate. Life is changing constantly and has been changing fastersince the rapid advancements in telecommunication. Because of continuingattempts to find better and more efficient ways to communicate, the process ofcommunication has steadily improved. Many of these improvements were madewithout the use of electronic technology. Human beings earliest attempts atcommunication were through nonverbal means such as facial expressions andgesturing. The use of these nonverbal signs, prehistoric people were able tocommunicate emotions such as fear, anger, and happiness. More specific motions,such as pointing, allowed them to convey more information . Verbal communicationprobably started with a series of disorganized but meaningful sounds (grunts andsnarls). These sounds slowly developed into a system of organized, spokenlanguage that truly allowed humans to share information (Croal 59). Writing,which is the use of symbols to represent language, began with early cavedrawings, progressed to picture writings such as hieroglyphics, and finallyevolved into the handwritten language we use today (Croal 61). As civilizationdeveloped, people found it necessary to communicate their ideas to one anotherover greater distances. The earliest method of transporting information was tocarry it from place to place; but as the development of commerce made speed anessential part, greater effort was expended to increase the rate at which ideaswere transmitted (Croal62). The search for rapid transport of information led tothe formation of the pony express in 1860 (Cozic 77). Although the pony expressrequired several weeks to carry mail from the East Coast to the West Coast, itwas a vast improvement over the earlier methods. The pony express was not theonly time humans teamed up with animals to attempt to improve communications. We will write a custom essay on Telecommunications Advances specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Dogs and pigeons were used to carry messages, especially during wartime . Most,if not all, of the early forms of communication had two significant problems. Both the speed at which information could be effectively communicated and thedistance over which information could be sent were severely limited. With theadvancements in forms of electronic communication, these problems were solved. It was even before the pony express that a true technological breakthrough wasmade. In 1844, the first electronic transmission occurred when Samuel Morsedeveloped a system of dots and dashes to symbolize letters of the alphabet. Atransmission device called the telegraph was used to send the coded signals overwires. The telegraph was to become the primary method of reliable and rapidcommunication during the American Civil War . It took quite a few years to linkthe major cities of America by telegraph wires, but by 1861 the pony express wasreplaced . Telegraphic communication became a major part of Americas businessand military history. One of the early telegraph companies, Western Union,became the dominant carrier. Today, Western Union, through the use of moderntechnology, transmits information twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Actual voice communication over distance finally became possible in 1876 whenAlexander Graham Bell held the first telephone conversation with his assistant,Thomas Watson . This alternative to written communication rapidly helped thetelephone become the worlds most important communication tool. By 1866 thefirst successful attempt to link Europe and America by undersea cable had beenaccomplished. This cable was capable of carrying telegraph data only . Thetelephone today remains a vital tool, and like the telegraph, the telephone isconstantly being improved by modern technology . By 1900, the goal ofcommunication technologists was to find a method of transmitting messages overlong distances without the need for wires. That dream became reality in 1901when Gugliellmo Marconi and two assistants stood on a hill in Newfoundland andlistened carefully to their receiver. Faintly they heard the Morse codedot-dot-dot, the letter s. the signal had traveled 1,700 miles fromCornwall, England, and it represented the first successful wirelesstransmission. This success led Marconi to form Marconi Wireless TelegraphyCompany. It was not until the Titanic disaster in 1912, however, that wirelesstransmissions became commercially profitable. As the Titanic was sinking, theships radio operator transmitted distress signals over his wirelesstelegraph. A passing ship, the Carpathia, which sped to the Titanics locationand rescued 700 of the 2,200 people aboard, picked up the signals. Shortly afterthis disaster, most maritime nations required wireless telegraphs on all largeships. The Marconi experiment eventually led to the development of the radio. Onan evening in November, 1920, radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,went on the air with the first live radio broadcast. By 1922, 564 radio stationswere on the air. Today, thousands of radio stations broadcast our favoritemusic, news, weather, and sports information . As important as it was, theimpact of the transmission of sounds by wire and by wireless methods seemsminor, when the effect of television, the device that permits the transmissionof both sounds and images. In 1926 J.L. Baird, working with the BritishBroadcasting Company (BBC), became the first person to transmit a televisionpicture, and in 1936 the worlds first television service was introduced . By1948, twenty television stations were on the air. The first color televisionservice began in the United States in 1954 . Sociologist James K. Martinbelieves The impact of television is legendary and has totally changed theway American families live . Modern telecommunications rely on moderntechnology and one of the most important elements of that technology is thecomputer. Todays computer industry is moving with great momentum. Mostschools are equipped to teach computer skills, and it is no longer rare for astudent to come to first grade with a basic understanding of computers gainedfrom the familys personal computer . In 1930 an American electricals cientist, Vannevar Bush, constructed the first analog computer . However, theperson credited with developing the first digital computer is Howard Aiken ofHarvard University, who completed his project in 1944 . Analog signals are aconstant flow of information, whereas digital signals are a series of shortbursts of information. Historian Mark Halls says, most historians point toENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) as the real beginning ofcomputer technology . Engineers at the University of Pennsylvania built thisgiant computer in 1946. ENIAC utilized vacuum tubes to control computerfunctions. The concept of storing programs in a computers memory is credited toJohn van Neumann, an American mathematician. It was in 1951 that the developersof ENIAC constructed Univac I, which became the first computer to bemass-produced . The traditional U.S. postal service is not oriented to meetneeds for instant information access, so many mailboxes have become electronic. .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d , .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .postImageUrl , .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d , .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:hover , .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:visited , .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:active { border:0!important; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:active , .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udebcf483acc768b5195b974b5c89573d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet EssayElectronic messages can be sent any hour of the day or night using a computer, amodem, and a telephone. These electronic messages may be read, filed, stored,erased, printed, and rerouted. A computer used in conjunction with the telephoneline and a television set allows homeowners to view merchandise, compare prices,and do electronic shopping. No longer are bank customers dependent on bankershours to withdraw money or to obtain account information . Many school librarieshave a new reference resource, an electronic encyclopedia. Libraries connect toelectronic encyclopedias with personal computers. Facts can be read on thescre en or sent to the printer. Through the use of telecommunications, theopportunity to access vast amounts of information located in large commercialdata bases are beyond belief. Within a matter of seconds, a computer can accessinformation and can appear on its screen. Today, information services bring newlearning opportunities and data into the home through telecommunications ). Theinformation age has already arrived, and telecommunication technology has playedan important role in it. It has already had an impact on what have beenconsidered traditional methods of transmitting information over distances. Thisnew technology has also changed the methods by which information is manipulatedand stored. Telecommunications is changing the way people work, play, live andthink.

American Bungalow Essays - Bungalow, The Aladdin Company

American Bungalow Essays - Bungalow, The Aladdin Company American Bungalow The article Manufacturing and Marketing the American Bungalow by Scott Erbes discusses the effects that The Aladdin Company had on the American Bungalow. The Aladdin Company was a main manufacturer of these mail order homes. By intense marketing and propaganda the Aladdin Company, along with several others, was able to promote and sell these precut homes by mail. The Aladdin Company was founded in 1906 in Bay City, Michigan by William and Otto Sovereign. William and Otto started their firm having had no architectural experience at all. They were inspired by a friend who was in the business of selling precut boats by mail so they decided to venture into selling precut homes by mail. In order for William and Otto to get their company started and up to the level that they wanted, it became necessary to use mass-marketing as a ploy to draw people into the idea of homes through the mail. Their way of enticing people to buy these homes was through their catalogue. They portrayed the homes by mail, bungalows, as an escape from lifes worries: A place where one could commune with nature. By taking the promotional aspect to such a high level the bungalow became very prominent in the America in the early 1900s. By 1917, William and Otto were selling more than three thousand homes per year. They had homes spread all over the United States and included in that array of owners were several large- scale companies such as the Dupont Company. Their success continued for the next two decades and William and Otto were able to broaden their product line from not only the houses but also the furnishings in the houses. However, the companies momentum was nearly depleted during the Great Depression. Aladdins output dropped drastically during the Great Depression but in the decades following the Depression, it was able to regain some of their profit but they never reached the level that they were at before the Depression. Finally, in the 1980s the company had to shut down because of the lack of profit. The author, Scott Erbes, focuses heavily on the different types of the bungalow and on their origin. The word bungalow comes from the work Bangla, which is a hut-like dwelling from the region of Bengal, India. This origin design was greatly altered by the time it reached the United States. The interpretation of the Bangla into what Aladdins designers felt it needed to look like was drastically different. The design went from something portable to something that was permanent and used for seasonal outings. People used their bungalows as their vacation homes and eventually the bungalows became the year round residents for some of the lower middle class people. It becomes very obvious that a creation as largely accepted as this one, would attract a large amount of attention from the media. The bungalow received both good and bad reviews depending on the person. Some were crazy about the idea while others were very critical of the use of these dwellings for permanent use. They claimed that the structure had no architectural creativity at all and that they were boring. It is very intriguing that something as petty as a mail order home could be as popular as it was for the time period that it was. For William and Otto to think of this idea and to actually be able to make a profit off of it is very praiseworthy. They took a risk when they ventured into the business but it paid of when they were able to promote an ideas that spawned so many other companies to do the same thing. Also, to be able to overcome the overwhelming disapproval of some critics is admirable. Aladdins idea for the bungalow was very versatile and therefore it appealed to the middle class. The middle class would be able to buy a home like this and be able to change it around as they saw fit for what they needed. The way that the author compares the bungalow to the log cabin becomes very intriguing. He says that the bungalow is the modern day log cabin. The way that the author relates these two allows you

Sunningdale Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sunningdale Agreement - Essay Example The British government created Northern Ireland against the wishes of the majority of the Irish People who wanted a free and independent Irish republic. Though there are some counter claims, the victory of the Sinn Fein in the 1918 Irish Elections is a convincing indication of the people's strong republican sentiments. The 1920 partition created the first great divide between Irish nationalists and Unionists and left it festering like an open wound. (NIFR, 1984). The partition did benefit the Protestants in Northern Ireland, where they assumed the role of the majority, while the Catholics became the minority in a highly sectarian society. Discrimination against Catholics over jobs, education, and housing; violations of many of their basic rights; and Protestant apprehension over nationalist organisations and activities have only widened and hardened the differences between them. The discontent created by this situation has sparked off various protests in Northern Ireland since 1920. ... idualhighlight all possible abuses of power demand guarantees for freedom of speech, assembly and association(and) inform the public of their lawful rights." (NICRA, 1978). Sunningdale Agreement 4 "The civil rights movement drew a hostile response from the Protestant state, which saw it as a threat to its very existence." (Fitzduff, 2000). British troops landed on Northern Ireland soil in 1970 to deal with civil rights actions. Internment was introduced in 1971, and Catholics were incarcerated without being tried. This created widespread resentment. The IRA became increasingly active and received increasing support from Catholic communities. From 1970-1972, in a paroxysm of violence, almost 500 people were killed due to conflict that involved British troops, unionists, nationalists, and their paramilitary groups. By 1972, Home Rule by Stormont was replaced by direct rule by the British government. Something had to be done, and that something was Sunningdale. Sunningdale Revisited The Sunningdale Agreement provides strong assurances to Northern Ireland Unionists that the principles of consent and majority rule will preserve their dominant position in NI society. (CAIN, Sunningdale Agreement). It states that the majority of the people of Northern Ireland will decide whether they want to remain within the UK or become part of a united Ireland. Both the Irish Republic and British government guarantee that they will respect and abide by the decision of the majority. Logically, since the NI majority are Sunningdale Agreement 5 Protestant Unionists, we can expect Northern Ireland to remain within the UK for the foreseeable future under the agreement. Viewed from the other side, Catholic nationalists can expect little improvement in their situation since the